Palabras clave
microbiota
ejercicio
alimentación
estrés
inflamación
Cómo citar
Resumen
La salud ósea depende de múltiples factores individuales, algunos de los cuales son modificables. El rol de la alimentación y la actividad física en la salud esquelética ha sido bien estudiado. Sin embargo, ha surgido en los últimos años un amplio campo de estudio en relación a la suplementación de nutrientes, los efectos del estrés, la inflamación crónica, la alteración de la microbiota, y su impacto en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO). Estos factores han demostrado ser de creciente importancia en la salud del tejido óseo y representan un desafío en el abordaje integral del paciente. Un estilo de vida apropiado ha mostrado ser fundamental en la adquisición de masa ósea desde la vida temprana y la adolescencia, tomando un rol importante en el pico de masa ósea y consecuentemente en la salud esquelética en la vida adulta. En esta revisión describiremos los aspectos más determinantes en la salud ósea de la mujer adulta en relación a su estilo de vida y factores modificables que la condicionan.
Citas
LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG et. al. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International. 2022. 33:2049–2102.
Kopiczko A. Bone mineral density in old age: the influence of age at menarche, menopause status and habitual past and present physical activity. Archives of Medical Science. 2020. 3: 657-665.
Wang O, Nicholson PH, Suuriniemi M, et al. Relationship of sex hormones to bone geometric properties and mineral density in early pubertal girls. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2004. 89: 1698-703.
Weaver CM et al. The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations. Osteoporosis International. 2016. 27:1281–1386.
Rauch F, Schoenau E. Changes in bone density during childhood and adolescence: an approach based on bone’s biological organization. Journal of Bone Mineral Research. 2001. 16: 597-604.
Wilson Barnes S, Lanham New S, Lambert H. Modifiable risk factors for bone health & fragility fractures. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 2022. 36: 101758.
McClung MR, Pinkerton JV, Blake J, Cosman FA, Lewiecki M, Shapiro M. NAMS Position Statement. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. The Journal of The North American Menopause Society. 2021. 28: 973-997.
Song D, Kim J, Kang M, Park J, Lee H, Kim D-Y, et al. Association between the dietary inflammatory index and bone markers in postmenopausal women. PLOS ONE Journal. 2022. 17(3).
Cashman KD. Diet, Nutrition, and Bone Health. Journal of Nutrition. 2007. 137: 2507–2512.
Balk EM, Adam P, Langberg VM, Earley A, Clark P, Ebeling PR, et al. Global dietary calcium intake among adults: a systematic review. Osteoporosis International. 2017. 28: 3315–3324.
National Institute of Health. Optimal calcium intake. NIH Consensus Statement. 1994;12:4.
Cauley JA, Crandall C. The Women’s Health Initiative: A Landmark Resource for Skeletal Research Since 1992. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2020. 35: 845–860.
Chung M, Tang AM, Fu Z, Wang DD, Newberry SJ. Calcium intake and cardiovascular disease risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2016. 165:856-866.
AACE/ACE Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis-2020 Update. Endocrine Practice. 2020. 26 (1).
Schurman L, Galich AM, González C, González D, Messinas O, Sedlinsky C. et al. Guías Argentinas para el diagnóstico, la prevención, y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis 2015- AAOM. Actualizaciones en Osteología. 2017. 13 (2): 136-156.
Shoback D, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad H, Eastel R. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2020. 105(3):587–594.
Cashman KD. Calcium intake, calcium bioavailability and bone health. British Journal of Nutrition. 2002. 87: 169–177.
Willett WC, Ludwig DS. Milk and Health. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020. 382:644-54.
Botella Martínez S., Zugasti Murillo A. Recomendaciones nutricionales para personas con osteoporosis. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN). 2021.
Weaver CM, Plawecki KL. Dietary calcium: adequacy of a vegetarian diet. The American Journal of clinical nutrition. 1994. 59(5): 1238-1241.
Dhaliwal R, Mikhail M, Feuerman M, Aloia JF. The vitamin D dose response in obesity. Endocrine Practice. 2014. 20:1258- 1264.
Tarantino U, Greggi C, Visconti VV, Cariati I, Bonanni R, Gasperini B, et al. Sarcopenia and bone health: new acquisitions for a firm liaison. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 2022. 14: 1–14.
Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, Gasparri C, Perna S, Infantino V et al. An update on magnesium and bone health. Biometals. 2021. 34:715–736.
Ortega RM, Jiménez Ortega A I, Martínez García R M, Cuadrado Soto E, Aparicio A, López Sobaler AM. Nutrición en la prevención y el control de la osteoporosis. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2020. 37(2):63-66.
Mott A, Bradley T, Wright K, et al. Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density and fractures in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporosis International. 2019. 30:1543- 1559. 26. Fratoni V, Brandi ML. B vitamins, homocysteine and bone health. Nutrients. 2015. 7(4):2176-2192.
Azzini E, Ruggeri S, Polito A. Homocysteine: its possible emerging role in at-risk population groups. International Journal of Molecular Science. 2020. 21(4).1421.
Chen G, Dong X, Zhu YY, Tian H, He J, Chen YM. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a higher BMD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Scientific reports. 2016; 6(1):1–8.
Galland L. Diet and inflammation. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2010; 25(6):634–40.
Gunn CA, Weber JL, McGill AT, Kruger MC. Increased intake of selected vegetables, herbs and fruit may reduce bone turnover in post-menopausal women. Nutrients. 2015. 7(4):2499–2517.
Orchard T, Yildiz V, Steck SE, He´bert JR, Ma Y, Cauley JA, et al. Dietary inflammatory index, bone mineral density, and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women: results from the women’s health initiative. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2017. 32(5):1136–1146.
Cavicchia PP, Steck SE, Hurley TG, Hussey JR, Ma Y, Ockene IS, et al. A new dietary inflammatory index predicts interval changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The Journal of nutrition. 2009; 139(12):2365–72.
Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG, Hussey JR, He´bert JR. Designing and developing a literature derived, population- based dietary inflammatory index. Public health nutrition. 2014. 17(8):1689–1696.
Yuanhong C, Weishang T, Haijing L, Jiesen L, Li C, Shaohui C. Composite dietary antioxidant index negatively correlates with osteoporosis among middle-aged and older US populations.American Journal of Translational Research. 2023. 15(2):1300-1308.
Malmir H, Shab-Bidar S, Djafarian K. Vitamin C intake in relation to bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. British Journal of Nutrition 2018; 119: 847- 858.
Kim SJ, Bemben MG , Knehans AW, Bemben DA. Effects of an 8-Month Ashtanga-Based Yoga Intervention on Bone Metabolism in Middle-Aged Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2015) 14, 756-76.
Yamazaki S, Ichimura S, Iwamoto J, Takeda T, ToyamaY. Effect of walking exercise on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 2004. 22(5):500-8.
Hirschfeld HP, Kinsella R, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: where bone, muscle, and fat collide. Osteoporosis International. 2017. 28:2781–2790
Giampietro PF, McCarty C, Mukesh B, et al. The role of cigarette smoking and statins in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a pilot study utilizing the Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Cohort. Osteoporos International. 2010. 21:467-477.
Thompson AR, Joyce M, Stratton K, Orwoll ES, Carlson HL, Carlson NL, Marshall LM. Lifetime Smoking History and Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Density in U.S. Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010. Journal of Women´s Halth. 2023. 32(3): 323-331 41. Jay J Cao. Effects of obesity on bone metabolism. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2011. 6:30.
Gianlupi Lopes K, Lima Rodrigues E, Rodrigues da Silva Lopes M , Aragão do Nascimento V , Pott A, et al. Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health. Nutrients. 2022. 14: 3260.
Liu L, Rosen CJ. New Insights into Calorie Restriction Induced Bone Loss. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2023. 38:203-213.
Villareal DT, Fontana L, Krupa Das S, Redman L, Smith SRet al, and the CALERIE Study. Effect of Two-Year Caloric Restriction on Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Non-obese Younger Adults: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2016. 31(1): 40–5 .
Ibánez L, Rouleaua M, Wakkacha A, Blin-Wakkacha C. Gut microbiome and bone. Joint Bone Spine Journal. 2019. 86: 43–47.
Cronin O, Lanham SA, Corfe BM, Gregson CL, Darling AL, Ahmadi KR et al. Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Bone Metabolism and Susceptibility to Osteoporosis. Calcifed Tissue International Journal. 2022. 110:273–284.
Seely KD, Kotelko CA, Douglas H, Bealer B, Key AA, Brooks E. The Human Gut Microbiota: Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Science. 2021. 22: 9452.
Kelly RR, McDonald LT, Jensen NR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Impacts of Psychological Stress on Osteoporosis: Clinical Implications and Treatment Interactions. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019 . 10: 200.
Vaessen T, Hernaus D, Myin-Germeys I, Van Amelsvoort T. The dopaminergic response to acute stress in health and psychopathology: a systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2015. 56:241–51.
Rodrigues W, Madeira M, da Silva T, Clemente-Napimoga J, Miguel C, Dias da-Silva V, et al. Low dose of propranolol down-modulates bone resorption by inhibiting inflammation and osteoclast differentiation. Bitishr Journal of Pharmacology. 2012. 165:2140–51.
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional
