Malignant Hypercalcemia

Abstract

Malignant hypercalcemia is defined as the presence of elevated serum calcium concentrations in the context of tumor pathology. It is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients with solid tumors or hematological malignancies where the postulated mechanisms are the presence of bone metastases and/or the secretion of resorption-activating factors by tumor cells. It can be detected as a finding in the study of asymptomatic patients or associated with severe clinical manifestations that require urgent treatment. The therapeutic approach should be carried out in an interdisciplinary manner aimed at normalizing calcemia, with the etiological diagnosis being important to adapt the therapeutic conduct in the long term, avoiding future complications. This article presents the case of a 43-year-old female patient immunosuppressed by HIV with a diagnosis of symptomatic hypercalcemia in the context of tumor pathology and bone metastases, its multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach with a brief review of the subject.